1972. After the American military escalation in 1965, eradication of the Viet Cong became the number one objective for the US military. URL: https://alphahistory.com/vietnamwar/viet-cong/ They were adept at hiding among civilian populations, taking shelter in the thick jungle and moving only in the dead of night. There was no NLF uniform or insignia, so most Viet Cong were indistinguishable from ordinary South Vietnamese. In 1957 alone, there were more than 150 assassinations attributed to communist subversives. On the ground, the NLF adopted its own “shadow government”, which operated across 20 regions and was commanded by a party official. The Viet Cong was a network of communist agents and subversives, supplied and controlled by North Vietnam but active within South Vietnam. The peasant’s real loyalties were to his or her family and village. Charlie or Mr. Charlie Slang for Viet Cong (VC). The American image of land warfare during the Cold War as a whole is dominated by the Vietnam War for a number of reasons. The Viet Cong were South Vietnamese supporters of the communist National Liberation Front in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War (known in Vietnam as the American War). Many of these locations were frequented by foreigners and several Americans were injured during these attacks. In April of 1975, the southern capital at Saigon fell to the communists' troops. Another important task carried out by Viet Cong was to ferry supplies to their comrades from the north to the south along the Ho Chi Minh Trail, which ran through adjacent parts of Laos and Cambodia. The insurgents continued their violence between 1958 and 1959 while improving their organisation and command structures and obtaining the backing of Moscow. As a consequence, there were many South Vietnamese who supported neither the Diem government or the NLF. Saigon was a place they had only heard of. The NLF’s bombings, sabotage and assassinations also generated considerable opposition. The phrase "Viet Cong" denotes only southerners who supported the communist cause — but in many cases, they were integrated with fighters from the regular North Vietnamese army, the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN). Viet Cong and the Chinese Origins of Vietnam’s Long Civil War Those unable to fight – including women, children and the elderly – gave support in other ways, promising to provide food, safety and information about enemy troop movements. The seeds of the NLF were several thousand communists who defied the terms of the Geneva Accord (1954) and remained underground in South Vietnam. The Politburo considered North Vietnam’s domestic policies, such as economic and military reform, to be more pressing. A historian’s view: There was also no official NLF headquarters or even a particular area where NLF officials could be found. Army General Earle Wheeler, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1964 to 1970, did not think the Viet Cong had been eliminated. "Who Were the Viet Cong and How Did They Affect the War?" Presidium members held their meetings in remote locations, rarely meeting in the same place twice. Significance/Notes: Starlite was the first decisive action between American and Viet Cong forces. The origins of the Viet Cong begin with the Geneva Accords of 1954. The term is short for the phonetic spelling (used by the military and police to spell things over the radio) of "VC," which is "Victor Charlie." Publisher: Alpha History The Vietnam War was the last drop into the cup of American patience. Program of the NLF or Viet Cong (1962) In 1962 the National Liberation Front or NLF – known to most Americans and South Vietnamese as the Viet Cong – published a … Get free homework help on Tim O'Brien's The Things They Carried: book summary, chapter summary and analysis, quotes, essays, and character analysis courtesy of CliffsNotes. Vintage. The insurgents also carried out bombings of hotels and cafes in Saigon and other cities. The North Vietnamese Army had … Under the terms of the Accords, military personnel were ordered to return to their place of origin, either North or South Vietnam. NLF teachings stressed two important concepts: dan tranh (‘struggle’) and giai phong (‘liberation’). American troops withdrew from the doomed south, which fought on for a short time before it finally surrendered to the PAVN and the Viet Cong. 5. At the height of the Vietnam War, if you had asked an American who their country was fighting in Vietnam, most would have answered the Viet Cong. Are urging us to advance to kill the enemy, (2020, August 25). Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/the-viet-cong-the-vietnam-war-195432. Many Viet Minh soldiers and sympathisers, however, stayed in South Vietnam and remained ‘underground’, mostly in rural or remote areas. For more information, please visit our FAQ or Terms of Use. Its cadres circulated these ideas by organising political education forums, youth groups and women’s groups. Cadres also informed people about the crimes and exploitations of South Vietnamese leader Ngo Dinh Diem and his followers. Viet Cong bombings and operations increased from late 1961. Even though the Viet Cong, or “National Liberation Front for South Vietnam”, were in some ways an arm of the People’s Army of Vietnam in the North, fighting the same cause (against the U.S. and the Southern Vietnamese government the U.S. was supporting), in fact some members of the Viet Cong were not themselves necessarily communists. Around 200 ARVN troops were shot, almost half of them fatally, while three US advisors were also killed. They were labelled cowards for refusing to fight in open battle. Many southerners joined the Viet Cong and fought against both the government of South Vietnam and the armed forces of the United States between 1959 and 1975. The “VC” (Viet Cong which is slang for Vietnamese Communists) were ostensibly local South Vietnamese who supported the overthrow of the South Vietnamese government to be replaced with the North Vietnamese Communist government. For obvious reasons, most NLF operations could not be conducted in the open. The central purpose of the Viet Cong campaigns was to polarise the population, to divide it irrevocably from the GVN, and to mobilise it for service and sacrifice in support of the Revolution. Some served as guerrilla fighters and spies in South Vietnam and in neighboring Cambodia, while others fought alongside North Vietnamese troops in the PAVN. If at the height of the Vietnam War (1965-76) you had asked an American who their country was fighting in Vietnam, most would have said the Viet Cong. The most common was simply disillusionment with the government in Saigon, and acceptance of the constant barrage of NLF propaganda. The NLF also disseminated information and propaganda that praised communist ideas and values, as well as communist land reforms in the North. Under international pressure to rein in this violence, the North Vietnamese government continually stressed that southern communists were acting independently, not under instruction from Hanoi. With the approval of Hanoi, the NLF increased its terrorist activities in the South. It is estimated to have suffered 1,394,000 casualties (killed and wounded) during the Vietnam War. The Viet Cong tried to create a popular uprising in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War with their 1968 Tet Offensive but were able to seize control of just a few small districts in the Mekong Delta region. In total, these cells contained as many as 3,000 men. A Viet Cong guerrilla on the Tet Offensive (1968) The group is better known as the Viet Cong … Fire in the Lake: The Vietnamese and the Americans in Vietnam. Often the only contact villagers had with the government was through heavy-handed tax collectors and ARVN soldiers. containment US policy during the Cold War which sought the prevention of … ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. Viet Cong Urdu Meaning - Find the correct meaning of Viet Cong in Urdu, it is important to understand the word properly when we translate it from English to Urdu. The name Viet Cong comes from the phrase "cong san Viet Nam," meaning "Vietnamese communist." The Viet Cong were supported and trained by the government of communist North Vietnam. David Hunt. It contains 184,073 words in 261 pages and was updated last on January 30th 2021. The television altered the war because: It brought the brutality of the war into people's living rooms. Viet Cong claymore mine DH10 Viet Cong claymore mine di go dicks derogatory expression referring to both male genitalia and the enemy diddy-bopping walking carelessly didi slang from the Vietnamese word di, meaning "to leave" or "to go" didi mau slang Vietnamese for "go quickly" dink Understandably, the North Vietnamese and much of the South Vietnamese population resented this interference. The role of these cadres went beyond military and guerrilla operations. Citation information Their decisions were passed along the chain of command either by word of mouth or on scrawled notes written in code. This article examines the Viet Cong in the post-Tet 1968 period in order evaluate the significance of their role in the fighting during the years between the 1968 Tet offensive and the fall of Saigon in 1975. As the ARVN soldiers approached the enemy across rice fields, the Viet Cong were able to inflict heavy casualties from concealed positions. Little, Brown and Company. There are always several meanings of each word in Urdu, the correct meaning of Viet Cong in Urdu is جبر و تشدد سے کونگ, and in roman we write it . They were painted as communist revolutionaries and heartless terrorists, responsible for every act of carnage in South Vietnam. The Viet Cong arose after the defeat of the French colonial forces at Dien Bien Phu, which prompted the United States to become gradually more and more involved in Vietnam. Definition of Vietcong. Date published: June 18, 2019 a Communist-led army and guerrilla force in South Vietnam that fought its government and was supported by North Vietnam. Many of the tactics that the Viet Cong employed were absolutely brutal. U.S. Arm by arm under a common flag.”. Szczepanski, Kallie. cong. These attacks, though aimed at foreign or South Vietnamese government targets, often killed innocent civilians, destroyed private property and disrupted business. -north vietnam supported viet cong (communists)-SV presidents actions drove many non-communists into an alliance w the communists-when war ended (1975) … Beyond that, district, province and national government had no meaning… After 1965, ARVN and US troops were to blame for many turning to the VC.” In all, an estimated one-third of civilian deaths during the Vietnam War were at the hands of the Viet Cong. : a guerrilla member of the Vietnamese Communist movement. Copyright: The content on this page may not be republished without our express permission. The NLF’s military arm was called the Quan Doi Giai Phong (Liberation Army). Viet Cong soldiers were trained to be subversive, evasive and crafty. They were allied with North Vietnam and the troops of Ho Chi Minh, who sought to conquer the south and create a unified, communist state of Vietnam. As support for the NLF grew it adopted organisation and command structures similar to those of the Lao Dong, as well its own a military arm, the Viet Cong. In most parts of South Vietnam, the NLF remained an underground organisation; its movements and activities were often described as “ghostly”. The Viet Cong were made up of volunteer servicemen who traveled to South Vietnam as à  Autumn Cadresà  - ready to exploit the coming political harvest. https://www.thoughtco.com/the-viet-cong-the-vietnam-war-195432 (accessed March 20, 2021). Its members were given extensive political and historical training, including sessions about the failure of the Geneva Accords, American double standards and the excesses of the Diem regime. Ambushes, lightning raids, sniping, tunnel warfare, land mines and booby traps became their preferred tactic. South Vietnamese communists called this campaign of violence the “extermination of traitors”. The Viet Cong were South Vietnamese supporters of the communist National Liberation Front in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War (known in Vietnam as the American War). 1. Le Duan presented this plan to members of the Politburo but they did not support his call for a full-scale war. As the war wa… Support did not only flow one way, however. Membership of the NLF grew rapidly, filled both by southern sympathisers and thousands of communists who streamed down from the North. In October 1961, there were 150 NLF bombings and attacks, triple the number of the previous month. Although the Viet Cong started out as a loose grouping of guerrilla fighters, they increased markedly in professionalism and in numbers over the course of the conflict. As the sole major televised ground-conflict during the Cold War, the war was extensively reported from on the ground, with print journalism supported by impressive photography, and was followed with great attention around the world, much of it critical. This website is created and maintained by Alpha History. US Defence pamphlet: Know Your Enemy: the Viet Cong (1966) A CIA report on Viet Cong weaknesses and vulnerabilities (1965) Whatever the reasons, by 1959 there were as many as 20 different communist cells scattered around South Vietnam. The significance of Tet was that it compelled the American leadership to make the decision to quit Vietnam; it was thus the pivot point in the war. Others claim they did so under orders from Hanoi, which wanted to disrupt the development of the South and prepare for a future war. By using ThoughtCo, you accept our, Increased Efficiency During the Vietnam War. The operation was prompted when a Viet Cong prisoner said that there was a planned attack on the Chu Lai airfield. The “NVA” (North Vietnamese Army) was the regular army of the North Vietnamese government. Vietnam War memory quiz – events 1946-1964, Vietnam War memory quiz – events 1965-1975, Vietnam War memory quiz – terms and concepts (I), Vietnam War memory quiz – terms and concepts (II), The program of the National Liberation Front or Viet Cong (1962), A CIA report on Viet Cong weaknesses and vulnerabilities (1965), A Viet Cong guerrilla on the Tet Offensive (1968), A Viet Cong soldier on their approach to tactics and warfare (1985). It would be better, they said, to wait three years for attempting to facilitate a revolution in South Vietnam. Thousands of South Vietnamese, marginalised and dispossessed by the corruption and brutality of the Diem regime, enlisted to fight with the NLF. The Viet Cong (VC) were important to the communist North Vietnamese because THEY (the VC) were already in South Vietnam. By the mid-1950s, he was a high ranking member of the North Vietnamese government, occupying a seat in the Lao Dong Politburo. Viet-cong meaning vēet kôŋ, vyetkôŋ; vēet käŋ, vēetkäŋ, vyetkäŋ A communist guerrilla force that sought to overthrow the South Vietnamese government, later allied with North Vietnam. This escalation prompted US president John F. Kennedy to increase the number of American military advisors in South Vietnam, with several thousand arriving over the next six months. Shortly after its formation, the NLF issued a ten-point program that called on the Vietnamese people to “overthrow the camouflaged colonial regime of the American imperialists and the dictatorial power of Ngo Dinh Diem”. South Vietnamese and Westerners knew it as the Viet Cong. Title: “The Viet Cong” Fearing that Vietnam would turn communist — just as China had done in 1949 — and that the contagion would spread to neighboring countries, the United States sent increasing numbers of "military advisors" into the conflict, followed in the late 1960s and 1970s by hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops. A Vietnamese belonging to or supporting the National Liberation Front of the nation formerly named South Vietnam. To defeat the American Empire and destroy the country sellers. Nevertheless, the Politburo authorised communist insurgents in the South to begin a limited campaign of violence. Who Were the Viet Cong and How Did They Affect the War? The NLF was also a political movement that worked to attract and build popular support. The attitude of most American soldiers towards the Viet Cong evolved into a combination of hatred, fear and begrudging admiration. The National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam (NLF), was a communist army based in South Vietnam that fought against the governments of South Vietnam and the United States during the Vietnam War (1955-75). In it he called for communists to rise up and gather support, overthrow South Vietnam’s leader Ngo Dinh Diem and expel foreign advisors and businessmen. 2. She has taught at the high school and university levels in the U.S. and South Korea. Use this CliffsNotes The Things They Carried Study Guide today to ace your next test! A police chief and his family were murdered in September. This means that the VC killed somewhere between 200,000 and 600,000 civilians. "Who Were the Viet Cong and How Did They Affect the War?" Under the terms of the Accords, military personnel were order… Using guerrilla methods they targeted foreign and government personnel, buildings and facilities. Within each region, there were several districts and villages, overseen by one or more NLF cadres. Buddhist monks, former members of religious sects like the Cao Dai and Hoa Hao, displaced peasants and urban workers could be found in NLF ranks. They wanted self-determination for the people of Vietnam and a path forward economically after the devastating imperial occupations by France and by Japan during the Second World War. Szczepanski, Kallie. 3. The Viet Cong were cursed and condemned for not following the Western conventions of war. A Viet Cong Memoir. Top Essentials to Know About the Vietnam War, Biography of Ho Chi Minh, President of North Vietnam, Biography of Vo Nguyen Giap, Vietnamese General, Timeline of the Vietnam War (Second Indochina War), Vietnam War: General William Westmoreland, J.D., University of Washington School of Law, B.A., History, Western Washington University. They took rice from villagers at gunpoint, carried out incredible numbers of targeted assassinations against people who supported the South Vietnamese government, and perpetrated the Hue Massacre during the Tet Offensive, in which anywhere from 3,000 to 6,000 civilians and prisoners of war were summarily executed. One of the most successful Viet Cong operations occurred in January 1963 when around 1,500 South Vietnamese (ARVN) soldiers, along with American advisors, tracked down 300 Viet Cong near Ap Bac in the Mekong Delta. By 1961, the NLF’s internal organisation had evolved further and resembled the structure of the Lao Dong. Newspapers in Saigon began referring to the insurgents as Viet Cong, a shortened form of Viet Nam Cong San (Vietnamese communists). In contrast, the Viet Cong lost only 18 men. Viet Cong (in the Vietnam War) n 1. The American War in Vietnam, SEAP Publications; Ilya Gaiduck 2003 Confronting Vietnam: Soviet Policy Toward the Indochina Conflict, 1954-1963, Stanford University Press Authors: Jennifer Llewellyn, Jim Southey, Steve Thompson Here the sacred Cuu Long river. Soldiers suffered: Guerrilla Warfare Loss of fellow soldiers Lack of support at home. The revolutionary movement in South Vietnam was formalised on December 20th 1960, with the formation of Mat Tran Dan Toc Giai Phong Mien Nam (the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam). Our country has been separated for so long. By mid-1959, however, the North was providing obvious support to the Viet Cong. 4. As the Vietnam War unfolded, the world’s strongest military power found itself at war with an enemy that could scarcely be found. By 1960, the NLF had grown and evolved into a sophisticated communist insurgency. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) the Communist-led guerrilla force and revolutionary army of South Vietnam; the armed forces of … A native of Vietnam’s southern provinces, Le Duan was active in communist groups in the Mekong region in the 1940s. However, joining the communist bloc actually resulted in continued foreign interference, this time from China and the Soviet Union. Their victims included both men and women, as well as children and even babies-in-arms; some were buried alive while others were shot or beaten to death. The term is rather derogatory, however, so perhaps a better translation would be "Vietnamese commie.". The Viet Cong were featured and demonised in the American press. Dr. Kallie Szczepanski is a history teacher specializing in Asian history and culture. The formation of an organised communist insurgency in South Vietnam was masterminded by Le Duan. 1993. The Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN; Vietnamese: Lục quân Việt Nam Cộng hòa; French: Armée de la république du Viêt Nam) were the ground forces of the South Vietnamese military from its inception in 1955 to the Fall of Saigon in April 1975. In 1976, the Viet Cong was disbanded after Vietnam was formally reunited under communist rule. Here glorious Truong Son Mountains Their reasons for remaining in the South are open to debate. ThoughtCo, Aug. 25, 2020, thoughtco.com/the-viet-cong-the-vietnam-war-195432. This was a lengthy conflict, one in which the United States, the world’s leading military power, was involved most intensively. The NLF also adopted its own anthem called Giai Phong Mien Nam (Liberate the South): “To liberate the South we decided to advance. ThoughtCo. Punji sticks. The origins of the Viet Cong begin with the Geneva Accords of 1954. The Viet Cong relied on elements of speed and surprise. The Viet Cong was a network of communist agents and subversives, supplied and controlled by North Vietnam but active within South Vietnam. Major decisions were made by a Presidium (in effect, a mini Politburo) and implemented by a Secretariat. It is the maximum effective range in meters of the M16A1 (Colt Model 603), the last version of that weapon use in Viet Nam. A Viet Cong soldier on their approach to tactics and warfare (1985). The U.S. sought to prop up a nominally democratic and capitalist South Vietnamese government, despite serious abuses and violations of human rights by the client state there. In July, 17 people were killed by the Viet Minh underground in Chau Doc. Oh bones have broken and blood has fallen, the hatred is rising high. Date accessed: March 21, 2021 In 1956, Le Duan developed a plan titled the ‘Road to the South’. This began in mid-1957 with a few units carrying out acts of terrorism against foreigners, foreign sympathisers and government targets. US troops believed that Vietnamese traditions held the symbolism of the spade to mean death and ill-fortune and in a bid to scare away NLF (Viet Cong) soldiers without a firefight, it was common practice to leave an ace of spades on the bodies of killed Vietnamese and even to litter the forested grounds and fields with the card. Significance of the Vietnam War - In January 1956 the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong forces surprised American and Australian troops with coordinated attacks on over 100 towns in South Vietnam (the Tet Offensive) - Australian began withdrawing troops in April 1970, with the last troop leaving in November 1973 - A ceasefire agreement was reached with North Vietnam in 1973 - North and South Vietnam was … American military personnel in Vietnam knew the Viet Cong as “VC”, “Victor Charlie”, “Charlie” or “Chuck”. Punji sticks were the most infamous of the booby traps used, said to account for 2% of … Westerners came to know it as the National Liberation Front (NLF). Szczepanski, Kallie. Frances FitzGerald. What does vietcong mean? Viet Cong strategy was: outlasting the American will to fight in Vietnam through traps and surprise attacks. War in Vietnam. “The reasons a man or woman joined the VC are as varied and complex as individuals themselves. For more information on usage, please refer to our Terms of Use. They were allied with North Vietnam and the troops of Ho Chi Minh, who sought to conquer the south and create a unified, communist state of Vietnam. Some historians suggest that indigenous communist groups in South Vietnam chose to remain there, rather than shift to the North. Gordon L. Rottman. Insurgents fighting in the South are called Viet Nam Cong San, meaning Vietnamese Communists-later shortened to Viet Cong (also Vietcong) or simply VC. For Revisionists, Viet Cong is a fitting term that illustrates Russia, China, and North Vietnam’s control of the insurgency. a member or supporter of this force. The tactics they employed at Ap Bac – stealth, concealment, patience, discipline and teamwork – withstood the most modern weaponry in Vietnam. The ARVN had the advantage of American helicopters but even these proved ineffective at locating and eliminating the enemy. Song MeaningThe meaning of 3500 fits with the horrific imagery of the lyrics. The program of the National Liberation Front or Viet Cong (1962) noun 1. a communist guerrilla force that sought to overthrow the South Vietnamese government, later allied with North Vietnam 2. The Viet Cong was the military arm of the National Liberation Front (NLF), an underground communist insurgency formed in December 1960 and active in South Vietnam. The Significance of The Vietnam War Within one generation, The United States have experienced The Second World War, The Korean War and fifteen years of The Cold War crisis. 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