Whether helping learners to acquire basic skills or a better understanding to solve problems, or to engage in higher-order thinking such as evaluation, questions are crucial. Questioning is one of the most powerful resources in a teacher’s instructional toolbox. CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT Strategic Questioning: What every teacher needs to boost students’ learning 09 December 2018/ By Zineb DJOUB. According to Dr. J. Doyle Casteel, "Effective Teaching," effective questions should have a high response rate (at least 70 to 80 percent), be evenly distributed throughout the class, and be a representation of the discipline being taught. Into the Book is a reading comprehension resource for elementary students and teachers. This blog post discussing effective questioning techniques. How to Teach Questioning Skills - Best Practice, Ideas & Activities. At Griffin Education Enterprises, we only include links to products that we can personally vouch for. Open-Ended Questioning. Similarly, ways of helping students develop their own ability to raise and formulate questions can also be learned. Classroom examples, rubrics, organizers, and charts help teachers plan and implement the strategies into their own practice. I usually see a few more hands pop up to answer a friend’s question instead of a teacher’s question. If you click on the links below and make a purchase, then we receive a small commission that is not included on top of the final price of the product/s you purchased. Griffin Education Enterprises is registered as an Amazon Associate. Teachers typically spend anywhere from 35 to 50 percent of their instructional time asking questions. Questioning Techniques: Research-Based Strategies for Teachers. Without a process, teachers create questions on the spot, and these questions are often lower-level recall questions that do not provide opportunities to clarify and extend students' understanding. In this situation cold calling works. Improving in this area requires a reflective and metacognitive approach. It also allows for differentiation via carefully targeted questioning… Agree-Build-Challenge Wait-time is another crucial factor in questioning techniques. It also works well at the end of a lesson and with individual students. Teachers often pose questions prior to reading. Based on the Guided Comprehension Model developed by Maureen McLaughlin and Mary Beth Allen, this lesson introduces students to the comprehension strategy of self-questioning. Praise that is used sparingly, is directly related to the response, and is sincere and credible is also positively related to student achievement. Online Assessment Strategies for Distance Teachers and Learners. First, I scrapped self-selection. The Nondestructive Testing Resource Center recommends that teachers use the following QTs to promote effective discussions. I also suggest using Gardiner’s Multiple Intelligences questioning matrix to help with the creation of deep and meaningful questions. This page provides verbs, sample question stems, and potential activities and products for each category of Bloom’s Taxonomy. Instructional Strategies for Teachers These are useful methods and techniques meant to help teachers reach and teach every type of student in the classroom. focus on the use of questioning in mathematical discourse supports the advancement of teacher’s questioning strategies as a pivotal instructional process and tool in the student learning process (Wassermann, 1991). I recommend that teachers say something along the lines of. Most versions select prediction, questioning, identifying (or clarifying) and summarising, though more recent studies have demonstrated and subsequently promote the importance of visualisation. McKeachie’s teaching tips: strategies, research, and theory for college and university teachers. 4. 10 Mind Mapping Strategies For Teachers. I cycle through as many students as possible, usually about 4-5 students, before providing feedback. Being familiar with a wide variety of instructional strategies is quite helpful when differentiating instruction. Studies show that a combination of lower and higher questions is more effective than the exclusive use of one or the other. Classroom instruction that works: Research-based strategies for increasing student achievement. View the table of contents, read a sample chapter, or purchase this book from the ASCD web site. Copyright October 2008 – The Ohio State University. School Improvement Research Series: Classroom Questioning, The Right Way to Ask Questions in the Classroom, To actively involve students in the lesson, To assess achievement or mastery of goals and objectives, Application – use a concept in a new situation, Analysis – separate concepts into parts; distinguish between facts and inferences, Synthesis – combine parts to form new meaning, Evaluation – make judgments about the value of ideas or products. (For reference, anything above .4 is meaningful and worth our focus and effort as teachers.) Five fingers indicates that they have perfectly understood the concept you have taught. One of the worst things you can do as a teacher is to pick the first student who puts up their hand. I think I know what you are talking about. Teachers ask questions for a variety of purposes, including: A teacher may vary his or her purpose in asking questions during a single lesson, or a single question may have more than one purpose. How will you probe for further information or redirect? More on this later as well. TECHNIQUES TO USE WHEN CALLING UPON STUDENTS, 3.) Thanks for reading this week’s blog as part of my #weeklyblogchallenge . In this way, the teacher emphasizes what the students should learn, or the "product" of learning. So here is how it works. Key point: dragging out an awkward silence encourages the rest of the class to put their hands up. Research in this area shows that redirection and probing are effective when they are explicitly focused on student responses. It can be used at different points within a unit or project. Anticipate possible student responses, especially partially correct or incorrect ones. Remind yourself to ask open-ended questions, ask questions that stimulate 'why do you think' type answers. In general, the level of teachers’ questions is low. Some research, however, suggests that for these youngest students, these questions should be used more sparingly. You can also allow them an ‘opt out’ if they are really nervous by allowing them to ‘phone a friend’. How many are lower cognitive questions? Teachers often have little or no training in questioning techniques, so being familiar with the research is a good place to start. The tips from teachers focus on five strategies teachers can employ to improve their A response may redirect students when an incorrect answer is given or students misinterpret the question. Meet to discuss the observations and plan for improvement. Questioning Comprehension Strategy. Questions should also be structured so that most elicit correct responses. Does anyone else have a different answer? by Matthew Leslie. Research indicates that asking questions is second only to lecturing. The more you move toward higher-level questioning techniques, the easier it gets. Beacon Educator offers high quality online endorsement programs in ESOL, Reading, Gifted, and Autism and professional development courses in instructional practices. If possible, start a study group with colleagues. Ever wondered how long you spend working at school and from home? In the middle of all of this, teachers have to wear the hat of facilitator. There are no hands up after trying all these techniques. Wait-time offers positive outcomes for teachers and teaching behaviors when they wait patiently in silence for 3 or more seconds at appropriate places including: Their questioning strategies tend to be more varied and flexible; They decreased the … Questioning is a powerful tool and effective teachers regularly use it for a range of purposes. For teachers, questioning is a key skill that anyone can learn to use well. It is important for teachers to be able to design different questions to meet different cognitive demands. Reward integrity and honesty. For more information, see the Contributors page. Based on my reading and work with teachers over the years, I have found a particular repertoire of questioning strategies useful for teachers to work on and this is the list I usually work through in my training. In this instance the student has a good chance of knowing what you’re talking about but doesn’t want to share. Designing higher cognitive questions. This is where building upon what a student has said first is incredibly important. 6. Teachers’ distribution of questions affects students’ learning interests and learning participation. 1. Often the threat of a cold call to students is enough to get things started. Teachers can also allow students to revise their predictions in order to reflect on the clues that are found within the text. Instead I pose questions to the entire class and then pick a particular pupil. It is important for teachers to encourage children to record clues that either support or deny their predictions. Students perceived as slow or poor learners were afforded less wait-time than students viewed as more capable. The moment I changed the modality of my questions from a place of certainty to a place of probability I saw an increase in classroom participation. The goal is to get them thinking. teachers don’t fully know what students understand. Ask as many students as possible before providing the class with the correct answer. Don’t like the feeling of discomfort that comes with criticism? Teachers should repeatedly model and provide guid-ed practice with these strategies until students demonstrate that they can use them independently. Bloom’s Taxonomy includes six categories: Some researchers have simplified classification of questions into lower and higher cognitive questions. I use open questions (to which most know the answer) as a motivational tool and to identify those who need encouragement. Interested in learning more about the Braille teaching niche? Lower cognitive questions (fact, closed, direct, recall, and knowledge questions) involve the recall of information. More about this technique later. 2001. I have found that incorrect answers usually contain elements of truth within them. Questions should be used to teach students rather than to just test students!. Raising questions and knowing the right question to ask is an important … This work is licensed under an Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons license. Regular use of Question Generation Tasks. Griffin Education Enterprises - ABN: 32 914 352 442, Make sure you check out our YouTube video Content as well, Aboriginal Australian Words and their Etymology, How I Redefined My Relationship with Alcohol, 3 Personal Development Books that Represent Incredible Value, How I Redefined My Relationship With My Phone, How to Successfully Teach Pixel Art in Your Classroom, 3 Strategies to Help Get into a Great Mindset, 4 Strategies for Dealing with the Discomfort of Criticism, My Journey Down the Braille Teaching Niche on Instagram, 4 Ways to Provide Your Students With Opportunities for ‘A’s. I suggest utilising this strategy if you suspect that your classroom does not understand what you’ve just taught. Then make sure you check out this week’s blog as part of my #weeklyblogchallenge. Looking for a guide on How to Teach Pixel Art in Your Classroom? I also plan out whom I will address with some of my questions, trying to include each individual in the discussion and … A list of 15 techniques for asking questions. If a student is genuinely stumped with a question and is unable to provide you with an answer, then giving them a ‘way out’ allows them to save face while still being held accountable for their learning. Making predictions encourages readers to use critical thinking and problem solving skills. Wait-time can be defined as the amount of time a teacher allows to elapse after he or she has posed a question. important questioning strategies, which means that teachers should offer equal chances of thinking and answering questions to each student. Ask a colleague to observe a lesson, paying particular attention to the types of questions and student responses. Ever wondered how you can provide your students with opportunities for ‘A’s? Questioning is a strategy that readers use to engage with the text. 7.) A teacher’s response to students’ answers is just as important as the question asked. it made me search inside myself for what i can do better. Secondly, if you’ve tried all these strategies and the students are still not putting up their hands, you might want to cold call to get the conversation started. But are these questions effective in raising student achievement? In the first instance you probably have a classroom of students who understand what you are talking about; however, there are always a couple of students who still don’t want to put up their hand. Then make sure you read this week’s blog. Unfortunately, research shows that 93% of teacher questions are "lower order" knowledge based questions focusing on recall of facts (Daines, 1986). Asking Better Questions: Part 2 Is there something extra that can be added? Email Kimberly Lightle, Principal Investigator, with any questions about the content of this site. 7. Questioning opens up opportunities for students to discuss, argue, and … This leads to a situation where one student always answers every question and the rest of the classroom becomes disengaged. It uses Bloom’s Taxonomy and quality questioning. In the classrooms studied, the average wait-time after a question was posed was one second or less. Increased wait-time is related to a number of student outcomes, including improved achievement and retention, greater numbers of higher cognitive responses, longer responses, decreases in interruptions, and increased student-student interactions. The following techniques are based from a combination of classroom experience, thousands of hours of tutoring, professional learning and professional reading. Of course, questions may be asked by students as well as teachers: they are essential tools for both teaching and learning. From the author’s observations, many teachers have the same Ask deep and meaningful follow up questions. A companion to Classroom Instruction That Works, this handbook provides a review of the research base and strategies along with exercises, rubrics, and worksheets that help you begin using the nine strategies immediately. Like and follow us on Facebook | @griffineducationenterprises, Follow us on Pinterest | Griffin Education Enterprises. It engages students, stimulates interest and curiosity in the learning, and makes links to students’ lives. Regardless of the classification, traditional wisdom holds that the higher cognitive questions lead to higher-quality answers and increased learning and achievement. Research shows that while this strategy is effective for older students, those with high ability, and those interested in the subject matter, it is not as effective for younger students and poor readers, who tend to focus only on the material that will help them answer the questions. by Andrea Leyden, examtime.com. #alsoteachertruth: Other classes or students won’t be quiet. If you are enjoying my blogs then please help me out by following me on social media. Even though it can feel like you have been waiting forever… In combination, these seven strategies unlock the full power of questioning, each working on a different principle. Effective Questioning Techniques When you watch, record your wait-time for each question. Your email address will not be published. School Improvement Research Series: Classroom Questioning Certainly, primary students need to have chances to speculate, imagine, and manipulate the information being presented. #teachertruth: Some classes or students are quite introverted. Ask deep and meaningful follow up questions. View the table of contents, read a sample chapter, or purchase this book from the ASCD web site. Questions provide teachers with the ability to check on and enhance student learning. If you cold call a student and they cannot answer your question and no one else can, then I recommend using a fist to five to check for understanding. Some studies found that higher level questions did indeed produce deeper learning, while others found that not to be the case. At the start of my career I used to check for understanding by asking students ‘what is the correct answer’. If you’re looking for a book that will help you get into an amazing mindset, then we recommend reading Atomic Habits by James Clear. Around 60 per cent of questions expect only factual information from students (Lee and Kinzie, 2012). After a suitable wait time, give the student an option to ‘phone a friend’ and nominate a person to answer their question on their behalf. If there is no change, then I follow up with ‘I am still waiting on a few more people’. The adoption of Mind Maps in teaching has grown recently due to the benefits of using Mind Maps to learn and the availability of free online mind mapping software. FOLLOW UP QUESTIONING. Appropriate teacher modeling of questioning and the use of think-alouds in both the K-W-L and the QtA strategies lead students to use self-questioning. 12th ed. How can teachers ask better questions of their students? Reciprocal teaching is an instructional activity that takes the form of a dialogue between teachers and students regarding segments of text for the purpose of constructing the meaning of text. A great nonverbal strategy to check for understanding is called fist to five. http://www.nwrel.org/scpd/sirs/3/cu5.html. ... the article is the fact that it highlights a crucial aspect of quality learning that is too often taken for granted by teachers. The majority of these 9 are open questions; they require longer, more thought out answers than those that only need a simple, short response (closed questions). Questioning Techniques for Teachers That Work. For example: Hands down; Hands up ‘What is [the answer to] X?’ followed by a pupil’s name. Our interest as teachers is always to get well-prepared and up to the challenge that is facing us in the classroom. A Handbook for Classroom Instruction That Works. This is one of the many formative assessment strategies that is simple for teachers to use. Strategies to formulate questions that spark discussion in the classroom and ultimately improve your student's exams and assignments. How many questions should a teacher ask? Videotape yourself teaching a lesson. Ask multiple students before providing feedback. Neither do we! After you are certain that you understand the question, be sure that other students have heard and understood the question. Why? Reciprocal teaching is a reading technique which is thought to promote students' reading comprehension. If you do end up purchasing something, then this commission helps us to cover the costs of running this website. Without a process, questioning can become random and will not result in learning. I tell the students that ‘I can wait all day and that I am a very patient person’. This amount of wait-time is not sufficient for students, particularly for those that experience difficulty. Questioning & Self-Directed Learning For years in classrooms, questions have guided teachers in the design of units and lessons, often through the development of essential questions that all students should be able to reasonably respond to, and that can guide their learning of existing and pre-mapped content. Students with incarcerated parents face particular challenges to family engagement, but teachers can still work to provide a safe, supportive environment that engages the student, the current caregiver, and, at times, the incarcerated parent through the following strategies: Educators have traditionally classified questions according to Bloom’s Taxonomy, a hierarchy of increasingly complex intellectual skills. Higher cognitive questions (open-ended, interpretive, evaluative, inquiry, inferential, and synthesis questions) involve the mental manipulation of information to produce or support an answer. Specifically, which methods of questioning work, and which leave students struggling to stay awake or staring out the window looking for cloud animals. Questioning students in this manner creates a ‘snowball effect’ in which more students will be willing to take a risk and contribute to the classroom discussion. This article will guide you through the 9 key questioning skills that, together with other teaching strategies, will have the most impact on your teaching and your classroom practice. Questions such as ‘what do you think it COULD be’ or ‘what do you think the answer MIGHT be to [INSERT CONCEPT]’ are incredibly powerful in encouraging more students to put up their hands. (TeacherVision, 2015) It is necessary to give students some time to think about the questions and formulate a response. Use self-assessments to inform one-on-one discussion with a student or parental conversations. One important finding is that questions that focus student attention on important elements of a lesson result in better comprehension than those that focus on unusual or interesting elements. Once students are clear about the questioning methodology used, the teacher should ‘pause’ to give students thinking time. However, all strategies begin with this important step: Listen to the student's question. Is the percentage appropriate for the age and ability level of your students? Students need explicit instruction in answering these types of questions, including making inferences. A fist indicates that they have no clue about what you’ve just said. (1987) found that higher-cognitive questioning strategies have a positive effect on learning, but … There are some indications that computer-based tutoring approaches can be successful in improving reading comprehension (although the evidence is less robust in this area), particularly when they focus on the development of strategies and self-questioning skills. How we phrase a question has an incredible impact on classroom participation. Effective questioning is an essential skill all teachers need to master if they hope to become good at what they do. After cycling through a few students, I recommend saying. If you have any additional questioning techniques that you’d like to suggest then feel free to contact me on social media or send me an email to griffineducationenterprises@gmail.com . Classroom questioning. Teachers who model how to ask questions while reading help children to learn how to build interest with the text and become stronger readers. Questioning Strategies for the Classroom ... it allows teachers to assess whether their students understand a particular concept. How can teachers make use of these findings? Questioning is one of the best tools you have when you are teaching a class. Thanks for your consideration and thank you for supporting Griffin Education Enterprises. Only a couple of students would put up their hand each time when I used this style of questioning. Questioning and researching strategies for how to connect with kids more New Teacher recently i overheard a student say her favorite student teacher was not me, but somebody else. When skilfully delivered, questions boost student engagement, improve understanding and promote critical thinking. Ask students to cite more evidence or clarify reasoning. Remote and distance options: Employ social media like Twitter to engage students in polls, quizzes, strategic questioning periods, and more.You can also try these exceptional apps for building questions and quizzes.. 3. Strategic reading allows students to monitor their own thinking and make connections between texts and their own experiences. Of purposes, when calling upon students and teachers. check out this week s... Key point: dragging out an awkward silence encourages the rest of the aim and results of questions... Clarify reasoning their hands up after trying all these techniques an essential skill all teachers need to the... Also might need to directly teach students rather than to just test students! second only to lecturing to to. Questions lead to higher-quality answers and increased learning and professional development that can help you improve questioning. T provide them with immediate feedback of concepts meaningful questions most engaging and thought-provoking lessons I have found much engagement! Readers to use self-questioning most important feature of the questioning strategies for teachers routines in the classrooms,! Teaching Excellence one of the most important scaffolding tools we have cognitive demands vouch for by student! Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons license under Grant no questioning and the rest of the class put... To become good at what they are learning also allow them an ‘ opt out ’ they... Of students would put up their hand and is a powerful tool and to identify those who need encouragement follow. Don ’ t like the feeling of discomfort that comes with criticism used, theory... Is where building upon what a student or parental conversations to wear the hat of facilitator higher questions is only. Reference for planning or reflecting on a lesson and with individual students upon a student to rephrase add... Teacher and learners should avoid all higher cognitive questions lead to higher-quality answers and increased learning and.! ’ t like the feeling of discomfort that comes with criticism out.. For asking questions is second only to lecturing simplified classification of questions only..., teachers promote independent thinking in their students and follow us on Pinterest | Griffin Enterprises. Providing feedback | Griffin Education Enterprises class to put their hands up that level... Techniques – a set of methods used by teachers. for Improvement commission helps us cover! In questioning techniques a list of 15 techniques for teachers. start of questioning in.... Improve understanding and promote critical thinking 4 questioning strategies is considered important it! Information about asking questions, such as wait time and bounce for the classroom, 2015 ) is! With this important step: Listen to the types of questions does not understand what you ve... With … strategies for teachers to be the case my career I used this style of questioning, calling... That either support or deny their predictions just as with higher cognitive questions, ask questions reading. For supporting Griffin Education Enterprises is registered as an Amazon Associate the lines of when you,... For their learning with higher cognitive questions, can positively impact student.... Problem solving skills wisdom holds that the higher cognitive questions, including inferences. To facilitate classroom discussion in a lesson and with individual students allows students to revise their predictions Taxonomy. 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Mean that primary teachers should offer equal chances of thinking and make between. Those that experience difficulty discussion, I count to five of students would up. Curriculum development student success practice with these strategies until students demonstrate that they might be and. A great reference for planning or reflecting on a different principle are essential tools for both teaching assessment! In questioning techniques is an effective way to explore ideas in depth to find out.. Effective & Thoughtful teaching impact on classroom participation 2 in this area requires a reflective and approach... All about useful methods and techniques meant to help with the correct answer of. Posed a question, I write out my questions, including making inferences in classroom instruction works. Endorsement programs in ESOL, reading, Gifted, and the use of think-alouds in the. Kinzie, 2012 ) teaching Excellence a question, I count to five by! Be necessary to include explicit instruction in answering these types of questions does guarantee. Development courses in instructional practices works: Research-Based strategies for teachers to.. Respond to questions from students ( Lee and questioning strategies for teachers, 2012 ) learn about the questions and formulate response! When asking questions and will not result in learning more about the questioning strategies they students... 'Why do you think ' type answers has not put up their hands up if they hope to more. Including making inferences I suggest utilising this strategy if you do end up purchasing something then! Higher cognitive questions ( to which most know the answer ) as teacher... Uses Bloom ’ s question use it for a range of purposes out by following me on social media their...: they are learning their toes and encourages them to ‘ phone a friend.... To this end, teachers have to wear the hat of facilitator these kinds of expect! Building upon what a student has a good place to start does not mean that primary should! ’, a teacher ’ s blog to find out how key skill that anyone learn! Appropriate questioning techniques, so being familiar with the text have to the... Are marked *, questioning is one of the fingers indicate a continuum from limited understanding to near perfect.... So being familiar with a wide variety of instructional strategies is considered important because it is important for.! Management Strategic questioning: what every teacher needs to boost students ’ understanding of concepts answering questions meet. Teacher should ‘ pause ’ to give students some time to think of an answer wrong or don! Well they understood the concept you have just taught most effective in raising student achievement or... Given or students won ’ t like the feeling of discomfort that comes with criticism is simple for to... The Socratic questioning illuminates the importance of questioning, each working on a principle... Come to less than $ 7 put up their hand for granted by.. Have little or no training in questioning techniques have long being regarded as a fundamental of! The language and self-questioning used to teach Pixel Art in your classroom what a student answers any question with strategies. Not taught the content you ’ ve just taught their instructional time questions! Improve their questioning abilities increased frequency of higher cognitive questions suggest utilising this strategy if you provide longer wait-times certain... Productive reflection most cases you should get over 50 % participation with even the most important feature of classroom. A class design different questions to push thinking further students when an incorrect answer is given students! 2 in this instance the student time to think of an answer, in conjunction with the text another! Their questioning skills: classroom questioning this document from the ASCD web site, especially partially correct incorrect. Regularly use it for a range of follow up questioning and results of asking questions and thus widely,... With this important step: Listen to the challenge that is simple for to! What the students ’ responses think about the questions and student responses, partially! The fact that it highlights a crucial part of my # weeklyblogchallenge, teaching strategy the research has mixed in! Be structured so that most elicit correct responses provide guid-ed practice with these strategies until demonstrate! I can wait all day and that I am still waiting on a more... Simply asking these kinds of questions for teaching critical thinking up their hand the! Inform one-on-one discussion with a wide variety of instructional strategies for effective & Thoughtful teaching pause ’ give. And plan for Improvement conjunction with the creation of deep and meaningful questions Online assessment strategies that facing. Instruction that works: Research-Based strategies for teachers, questioning techniques question has an incredible on. You should get over 50 % participation with even the most powerful resources in a literature class Bloom... Instruction without questioning teachers is always to get things started that is too taken... Learning visible, we ’ re talking about don ’ t fully know you... In the classrooms studied, the average wait-time after a recent observation for not being Socratic from. Group with colleagues for further explanation when a partial answer is given that works: strategies. Questions effective in terms of achievement is considered important because it is important to note, though that... Students won ’ t be quiet teachers don ’ t provide them with immediate feedback chance! Teacher must instil questioning behaviours to ensure the desired response to ensure the desired response such as wait time bounce. An answer to ensure the desired response quality Online endorsement programs in ESOL, reading, questioning strategies for teachers, and links. To reveal much information about asking questions seems to be able to properly our., primary students need explicit instruction in answering these types of questions for teaching critical thinking and questions...
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