After the Revolutions of 1848, the apparent leader of the Italian unification movement was Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Garibaldi. The de jure capital of Italy is the county of Pavia - AI rulers of Italy are likely to make this their capital. Italy is a constitutional monarchy, in which the executive power belongs exclusively to the sovereign, while the legislative power is shared by him with the parliament. The Legislative Body, the old parliament, remained in theory, but it never summoned after 1805; the Napoleonic Code was introduced. The kingdom included all of Italy as far south as Rome and Spoleto, but the rest of Italy to the south was under the rule of the Lombard Principality of Benevento or of the Byzantine Empire. Kingdom of Rome 753 - 509 BC. Charlemagne adopted the title "King of the Lombards" and in 800 was crowned "Emperor of the Romans" in Rome. None of the Emperors forgot their theoretical claims to dominion as Kings of Italy. Henry's son, Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor – the first emperor since the 10th century to actually base himself in Italy – attempted to return to his father's task of restoring imperial authority in the northern Italian Kingdom, which led to fierce opposition not only from a reformed Lombard League, but also from the Popes, who had become increasingly jealous of their temporal realm in central Italy (theoretically a part of the Empire), and concerned about the hegemonic ambitions of the Hohenstaufen emperors. Description: green white red with Savoy arms. The monetary unit was the silver lira, which was 5 grams heavy. The local legislative body was the General Council, composed by the representatives of the communes. The Kingdom of Italy was founded on this day in 1861 after Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was declared King.The genesis of the Kingdom was a result of the unification of Italy, which the Kingdom of Sardinia played a major role in creating. The chief of biggest communes was the royal Podestà, when in smaller communes there was a prefectoral Mayor. It was fully influenced by revolutionary France and ended with Napoleon's defeat and fall. It was often united politically with Sicily. Ostrogothic power in Italy was eliminated, but according to Roman historian Procopius of Caesarea, Narses allowed the Ostrogothic population and their Rugian allies to live peacefully in Italy under Roman sovereignty. At its maximum extent, the Kingdom had 6,700,000 inhabitants and was composed by 2,155 communes. The French language was used for ceremonies and in all relationships with France. In 1859, the Kingdom of Italy was created. The absenteeism of the Italian monarch led to the rapid disappearance of a central government in the High Middle Ages, but the idea that Italy was a kingdom within the Empire remained and emperors frequently sought to impose their will on the evolving Italian city-states. Line infantry: five regiments from the Italian Republic, with two more later raised, in 1805 and 1808. It covered the modern provinces of Lombardy, Veneto, Emilia-Romagna, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trentino, South Tyrol, and Marche. Its original capital was Pavia until the 11th century. [16], Troop uniforms of the Kingdom of Italy, 1805–14. The districts were divided, as in France, in cantons, seats of Tax collectors and Justices of the peace. Immigration Policies [edit | edit source] However, the presence of the Imperial feudal network in Italy continued to play a role in the history of the peninsula. Ludovico Muratori, "Annali d'Italia", Anno Domini 1566, mentioned in Brendian Maurice Dooley, Last edited on 20 February 2021, at 23:29, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The Rise & Alliance of the Italian City-States", "Charles V | Biography, Reign, Abdication, & Facts", "Treaty of Campo Formio | France-Austria [1797]", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)&oldid=1007984165, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Charles V was crowned King of Italy with the Iron Crown in medieval fashion and, upon the extinction of the Sforza line of Milan in 1535, claimed direct possession of that territory as an Imperial fief. His mutinous troops sacked Rome and, coming to terms with the Medici pope Clement VII, conquered Florence where he reinstalled the Medici as Dukes of Florence after a siege. The Lombard League was the most famous example of this situation; though not a declared separatist movement, it openly challenged the emperor's claim to power. Following Louis II's death without heirs, there were several decades of confusion. In 773, Charlemagne, the King of the Franks, crossed the Alps to invade the Kingdom of the Lombards, which encompassed all of Italy except the Duchy of Rome and some Byzantine possessions in the south. The German king (Rex Romanorum) would be crowned by the Archbishop of Milan with the Iron Crown in Pavia as a prelude to the visit to Rome to be crowned Emperor by the Pope.[7][8]. Before 1861, Italy was not one country. A series of wars in Lombardy from 1423 to 1454 reduced the number of competing states in Italy. Garibaldi led the Italian republican drive for unification in so… The kingdom of Italy is a de jure part of the empire of Italia. He drove the French from Milan after the Battle of Pavia, and prevented an attempt by the Italian princes, with French aid, to reassert their independence in the League of Cognac. While besieging Milan in 1037, he issued the Constitutio de feudis in order to secure the support of the vasvassores petty gentry, whose fiefs he declared hereditary. The kingdom was given a new national currency, replacing the local coins circulating in the country: the Italian lira, of the same size, weight, and metal of the French franc. The state was founded as a result of the unification of Italy under the influence of the Kingdom of Sardinia, which can be considered its legal predecessor state. In 1805 the Republic became a new Kingdom of Italy, in personal union with France. The Lombard kingdom proved to be more stable than its Ostrogothic predecessor, but in 774, on the pretext of defending the Papacy, it was conquered by the Franks under Charlemagne. Mar 5, 2017 - Explore Chris Hart's board "Kingdom of Italy" on Pinterest. The communes had a City Council (Consiglio Comunale) of fifteen, thirty or forty members, chosen by the king or the prefect depending by the commune size. It is noteworthy that some ensigns dating from the late Kingdom of Italy era, such as this one from submarine "Ettore Fieramosca" 1929-1941: museo034g.jpg use an unspecific royal crown, rather than the Italian one. During the kingdom's life, the administrative system of the State changed for domestic and international reasons. In 1310 the Luxembourg King Henry VII of Germany with 5,000 men again crossed the Alps, moved into Milan and had himself crowned with the Iron Crown of Lombardy, sparking a Guelph rebellion under Lord Guido della Torre. ~ Kingdom of Italy ~ is a group on Roblox owned by Mela_magica with 43 members. [16] Imperial authority was used by the Austrian Habsburgs to intervene in Italy during the War of Mantuan Succession phase of the Thirty Years' War and to take control of vacant Italian imperial fiefs during the European Wars of Succession of the 18th century: following the extinction of the Spanish Habsburgs in 1700, the Emperor proclaimed Milan a vacant Imperial fief and added it to his direct Austrian dominions in 1707 (confirmed by the Treaty of Rastatt at the end of the War of the Spanish succession); the Gonzaga of Mantua were deposed at the Diet of Regensburg in 1708 on charges of felony towards the Holy Roman Emperor and their state incorporated into Austrian Milan; following the extinction of the Florentine House of Medici in 1737, Francis I of Habsburg-Lorraine was invested with the Granduchy of Tuscany by Imperial diploma; a similar use of Imperial rights allowed the Habsburgs to establish dynastic branches in Parma and Modena. Otto assumed the Iron Crown of Lombardy at Pavia despite his rival Margrave Berengar of Ivrea. In 961, King Otto I of Germany, already married to Adelaide, widow of a previous king of Italy, invaded the kingdom and had himself crowned in Pavia on 25 December. The final territorial change came in action on 10 June 1810, when, as announced by Napoleon on previous 28 May, Italy lost Istria and the never fully incorporated Dalmatia, gaining as reward all the southern Tirol up to the city of Bolzano, creating the 24th and last department: Haut Adige.[18]. The first one was proclaimed two days after the birth of the kingdom, on 19 March,[2] when the Consulta declared Napoleon as king and established that one of his natural or adopted sons would succeed him once the Napoleonic Wars were over, and once separated the two thrones were to remain separate. Italian princes sometimes took part in Imperial diets and their forces also joined the Imperial army, as in the case of the Hungarian campaign of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor against Suleyman the Magnificent in 1566. [8][9], In 1809, Eugène's Army of Italy formed the right wing of Napoleon I's invasion of the Austrian Empire, winning a considerable victory at Raab and having a respectable share in the victory at Wagram. The Kingdom of Italy was born on 17 March 1805, when the Italian Republic, whose president was Napoleon Bonaparte, became the Kingdom of Italy, with the same man (now styled Napoleon I) as King of Italy, and the 24-year-old Eugène de Beauharnais his viceroy. Even though the republican Constitution was never formally abolished, a series of Constitutional Statutes completely altered it. His title was "Emperor of the French and King of Italy" (French: Empereur des Français et Roi d'Italie), showing the importance of this Italian Kingdom for him.[1]. Royal Guard: two battalions from the Italian Republic (. The Kingdom of Italy (Italian: Regno d'Italia) was a state founded in 1861 when King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy. An initial phase of strong autonomy of the many constituent duchies developed over time with growing regal authority, even if the dukes' desires for autonomy were never fully achieved. From that time on, the Kings of Italy were always also Kings of Germany, and Italy thus became a constituent kingdom of the Holy Roman Empire, along with the Kingdom of Germany (regnum Teutonicorum) and – from 1032 – Burgundy. Dragoons: two regiments from the Italian Republic. Furthermore, the Imperial rights were notably asserted during the Italian Wars by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (also King of Spain and Naples, Archduke of Austria and Duke of Burgundy). This left a power vacuum – increasingly filled by the Papacy and by the bishops, as well as by the increasingly wealthy Italian cities, which gradually came to dominate the surrounding countryside. In 951 King Otto I of Germany had married Adelaide of Burgundy, the widow of late King Lothair II of Italy. It gave to Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor and Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor the pretext to intervene in Italian affairs. By decree of the governor Vincenzo Dandolo, this was so even in Istria and Dalmatia, where local populations were more heterogeneous. From then, Italy became a patchwork of autonomous duchies and city-states only nominally tied to the Holy Roman Empire.[9][10]. The Iron Crown of Lombardy (Corona Ferrea) was used for the coronation of the Lombard kings, and the kings of Italy thereafter, for centuries.[6]. [17][18][19] In 1805, while the Holy Roman Empire was still in existence, Napoleon, by now Emperor Napoleon I, claimed the crown of the new Kingdom of Italy for himself, putting the Iron Crown on his head at Milan on 26 May 1805. If an internal link referred you here, you might want to go back and fix it to point directly to the intended page. The Empire itself was abolished the next year on 6 August 1806. Many people regarded him as an embarrassment. The departments were divided in districts, equivalent to the French arrondissements. In June 774, the kingdom collapsed and the Franks became masters of northern Italy. the annexation of the United Provinces of Central Italy, Marche, Umbria and the fall of the Bourbonic Kingdom in the South due to the Garibaldin Expeditions, the Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed one by King Vittorio Emanuele II of Savoy, previous King of Sardinia-Piedmont. [11], In many aspects, the Imperial claims to feudal overlordship over the Italian territories had become practically meaningless: the effective political authority, as well as the power to raise taxes and spend resources, was in the hands of the Italian princes and dukes. There were multiples of £2 (10 grams of silver) and £5 (25 grams of silver), and precious coins of £20 (6.45 grams of gold) and £40 (12.9 grams of gold). Its governance was conducted by Napoleon and his step-son and viceroy Eugène de Beauharnais. On 26 April, the Empire appointed Annibale Sommariva as Imperial Commissioner of Lombardy, while many taxes were abolished or reduced by the Provisional Regency. The conquered Republic of Ragusa was annexed in spring 1808 by General Auguste de Marmont. In the conflict with Frederick the Fair, King Louis IV (reigned until 1347) had himself crowned Emperor in Rome by Antipope Nicholas V in 1328. After 568, the Lombard kings sometimes styled themselves Kings of Italy (Latin: rex totius Italiæ). Education was made universal for all children, which was also conducted in Italian. Frederick's son Henry VI actually managed to extend Hohenstaufen authority in Italy by his conquest of the Norman Kingdom of Sicily, which comprised Sicily and all of Southern Italy. [5][6], In 1805 Italian troops served on garrison duty along the English Channel, during 1806-1807 they took part in the sieges of Kolberg and Danzig and fought in Dalmatia. The Kingdom of Italy (Latin: Regnum Italiae or Regnum Italicum, Italian: Regno d'Italia, German: Königreich Italien), also called Imperial Italy (German: Reichsitalien), was one of the constituent kingdoms of the Holy Roman Empire, along with the kingdoms of Germany, Bohemia, and Burgundy. In 1812, a Court of Accounts was added. From 961 on, the Emperor of the Romans was usually also King of Italy and Germany, although emperors sometimes appointed their heirs to rule in Italy and occasionally the Italian bishops and noblemen elected a king of their own in opposition to that of Germany. The language used officially in the Kingdom of Italy was Italian. On rewards in Germany, Bavaria ceded southern Tirol to the Kingdom of Italy, which in its turn ceded Istria and Dalmatia (with Ragusa) to France, incorporating the Adriatic territories into newly created the French Illyrian Provinces. [14][15] The major imperial fiefs in Italy were known as "Feuda latina", whereas the smaller ones were known as "Feuda Minora". Pier Paolo Lugli, 1 March 2004 Conflict continued between Ghibellines (Imperial supporters) and Guelfs (Papal supporters) in the Italian cities, but these conflicts bore less and less relation to the origins of the parties in question. The chief of the department, the prefect, was the State's representative in each province, improved the administrative decisions of the central government, controlled the local authorities, led of the police and, differently from the republican era, had all the executive powers in its territory. The creation of the Kingdom of Italy was the result of concerted efforts of Italian nationalists and monarchists loyal to the House of Savoy to establish a united kingdom encompassing the entire Italian Peninsula. Following the defeat of Austria and the Treaty of Pressburg, Napoleon annexed to Italy the territory of former Republic of Venice, as announced on 30 March 1806, and ratified on 1 May. [11] The Italian contingent distinguished themselves at Borodino and Maloyaroslavets,[12][13] receiving the recognition:[14] .mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, "The Italian army had displayed qualities which entitled it evermore to take rank amongst the bravest troops of Europe. Finally, on 25 May, the Supreme Imperial Commissioner Count Heinrich von Bellegarde took all the powers in Lombardy, and former monarchies in Modena, Romagna and Piedmont were gradually re-established; on 30 May, the Treaty of Paris was signed, and the remains of the kingdom were annexed by the Austrian Empire, as announced by Count Bellegarde on 12 June. Treaties with foreign powers, however, must have the consent … Burgundy was added to this union in 1032, and by the twelfth century the term "Holy Roman Empire" had come into use to describe it. History. When a second session of the assembly took place on 20 April, the Milan insurrection foiled the Viceroy's plan. Creation Conditions [edit | edit source] De jure territory of Italy. Kingdom of Naples, state covering the southern portion of the Italian peninsula from the Middle Ages to 1860. Guards of Honour: Cavalry 騎兵: 720: 230: 13 ratings 個評分 Legendary unit 極度推薦 Fiercely proud, these elite horsemen are raised from the sons of the upper classes and have a fearsome charge. [4][5], The Kings of the Lombards (Latin: reges Langobardorum, singular rex Langobardorum) ruled that Germanic people from their invasion of Italy in 567–68 until the Lombardic identity became lost in the ninth and tenth centuries. Santiago Dotor, 27 June 2003. In the riots, finance minister Count Giuseppe Prina was massacred by the crowd, and the Great Electors disbanded the Senate and called the Austrian forces to protect the city, while a Provisional Regency Government under the presidency of Carlo Verri was appointed. The fourth Statute, decided on 16 February 1806, indicated Beauharnais as the heir to the throne. His successor Charles IV also returned to Rome to be crowned in 1355. This page was last edited on 20 February 2021, at 23:29. The administrative system of the Kingdom was firstly drawn by a law on 8 June 1805. It was fully influenced by revolutionary France and ended with Napoleon's defeat and fall. This page was last edited on 22 February 2021, at 23:41. The earliest kings (the pre-Lethings) listed in the Origo are almost certainly legendary. Unlike many of France's other allies, the Kingdom of Italy doesn't have historical friendships with most of the coalition, nor does it have any grievances with France. On 14 July 1807, the government passed a decree that reduced the number of the communes. [4] Mintage being decided by Napoleon with an imperial decree on 21 March 1806, the production of the new coins began in 1807. Light infantry: three regiments from the Italian Republic, plus another one raised in 1811. The Senate of the Kingdom was summoned on 17 April, but the senators showed themselves undecided in that chaotic situation. The Kingdom of Italy is still formally part of the Holy Roman Empire it has in many ways turned into a 'Shadow Kingdom' with the Italian states acting independently of the Emperor. The Italian campaigns of the Holy Roman Emperors decreased, but the Kingdom did not become wholly meaningless. The Duchy of Guastalla was annexed on 24 May. Napoleon I was crowned at the Duomo di Milano, Milan on 23 May, with the Iron Crown of Lombardy. Forged from the nationalist fervor of the 1848 Revolutions, its armies managed to sweep through the pro-Italian territories occupied by the Hapsburgs. Originally, the Kingdom consisted of the territories of the Italian Republic: former Duchy of Milan, Duchy of Mantua, Duchy of Modena, the western part of the Republic of Venice, part of the Papal States in Romagna, and the Department of Agogna (it) centred on Novara. For sale, price negotiable. [7] From 1808 to 1813 whole Italian divisions served in Spain, especially distinguishing themselves under Suchet at Tarragona and Saguntum. Indeed, Conrad could stable his rule, however, the Imperial supremacy in Italy remained contested. Category:Kingdom of Italy (1861-1946) This is a disambiguation page – a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. Eugène de BeauharnaisViceroy of Italy1805–1814, Augusto CaffarelliMinister of War1806–1810, Achille FontanelliMinister of War1811–1813, Ferdinando MarescalchiMinister of Foreign Affairs1805–1814, Giuseppe LuosiMinister of Justice1805–1814. There was also a lack of powerful landed magnates – the only notable one being the Margraviate of Tuscany, which had wide lands in Tuscany, Lombardy, and the Emilia, but which failed due to lack of heirs after the death of Matilda of Canossa in 1115. Successive emperors in the 14th and 15th centuries were bound in the struggle between the rivaling Luxembourg, Habsburg and Wittelsbach dynasties. Its governance was conducted by Napoleon and his step-son and viceroy Eugène de Beauharnais. Kingdom of Italy - Vittorio Emanuele III of Savoy (1900-1943) Value: 2 Lire Type: Savoy Eagle Material: silver Year: 1907 Mint: Rome Appraised by Fabio Perrone - FDC … When in 960 Berengar attacked the Papal States, King Otto, summoned by Pope John XII, conquered the Italian kingdom and on 2 February 962 had himself crowned Holy Roman Emperor at Rome. The imperial reorganization carried out in 1799–1803 left no room for Imperial claims to Italy – even the Archbishop of Cologne was gone, secularized along with the other ecclesiastical princes. The cities first demonstrated their increasing power during the reign of the Hohenstaufen Emperor Frederick Barbarossa (1152–1190), whose attempts to restore imperial authority in the peninsula led to a series of wars with the Lombard League, a league of northern Italian cities, most of the times headed by Milan, and ultimately to a decisive victory for the League at the Battle of Legnano in 1176, that had as its leader the Milanese Guido da Landriano, which forced Frederick to make administrative, political, and judicial concessions to the municipalities, officially ending his attempt to dominate Northern Italy. Members of the Carolingian dynasty continued to rule Italy until the deposition of Charles the Fat in 887, after which they once briefly regained the throne in 894–896. Kingdom of Italy is a group on Roblox owned by Decoda with 15764 members. On 2 April 1808, following the dissolution of the Papal States, the Kingdom annexed the present-day Marches. The kingdom was also beset by Arab raiding parties from Sicily and North Africa, and central authority was minimal at best. Seven new departments were created, six in the Venetian mainland, and one in Istria (Capodistria), whereas Dalmatia received special institutions led by the General Provider Mr. Dandolo, and maintained its own laws. The traditional 'founding' of Rome by the Latins was probably a formal melding together of various small villages in the area, a process that has also been observed in the late Villanovan in Italy, when the first Etruscan cities began to emerge in the mid to late ninth century BC. The Kingdom of Italy (Italian: Regno d'Italia) is the North-Italian successor state to the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia. Its original capital was Pavia until the 11th century. Kingdom in southern Europe between 1805 and 1814, Napoleon Bonaparte, "The Economy of the Empire in Italy: Instructions from Napoleon to Eugène, Viceroy of Italy,", Equal to franc, the new Napoleonic lira had a different value face to the old, ancient, Antonio Virgili, La Tradizione napoleonica, CSI, Napoli, 2005, Historical name changes can create confusion: the present-day Italian province of, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Statuti Costituzionali del Regno d'Italia (1805 al 1810)", "Map of the Kingdom of Italy in 1808, when Ragusa in Dalmatia was part of the "Albania" department", Patria del Friuli (Patriarchate of Aquileia), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)&oldid=1008369744, States and territories established in 1805, States and territories disestablished in 1814, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles containing Italian-language text, Articles needing additional references from March 2016, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Italy articles missing geocoordinate data, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. 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