In Alaska, moving from east to west, the plate interactions change from a transform boundary between Pacific and North American plates to a collision zone with a microplate, the Yakutat terrane, which is in the process of being accreted to the North American plate, to a destructive boundary along the line of the Aleutian islands. However, full ANSS
instrumentation on either end of the 2002 rupture is critical if this goal is
to be achieved. The locations of the Nenana
Mountain and Denali Fault earthquakes and their aftershocks were determined
by the Alaska Earthquake Information Center (AEIC) at the University of Alaska
Fairbanks. The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System crosses the rupture trace; the pipeline suffered some minor damage to supports. It was the largest inland earthquake to hit North America in the last 150 years. On November 3, 2002, the magnitude 7.9 earthquake generated by movement along the Denali fault and the Totschunda fault … of the Denali and Totschunda fault system including the pipeline crossing was the most likely segment to have movement which could generate an 8+ magnitude earthquake. 2003). The Denali-Totschunda fault system is one of the structures that accommodate the accretion of the Yakutat terrane. Mountainsides gave way, burying the valleys and glaciers
below in deposits of rock and ice as much as 15 feet thick. After propagating 240 km east on this fault, the rupture branched onto the Totschunda fault. Although
comparable in size and type to the quake that devastated San Francisco in 1906,
the Denali Fault earthquake caused no deaths and little damage to structures
because it struck a sparsely populated region of south-central Alaska. Following
the Denali Fault earthquake, adjacent fault segments have been stressed, increasing
the likelihood of additional earthquakes on those segments. Northway Airport. Photo courtesy of the USGS. These seiches were likely initiated during the large amplitude seismic surface waves from this earthquake. [5] About 20 houseboats were damaged by a seiche on a lake in Washington State.[5]. Violent, prolonged shaking
from the quake triggered thousands of landslides, especially on the steep slopes
of the Alaska Range. Called the Denali Fault earthquake, this shock was the strongest ever recorded in the interior of Alaska. These water waves were likely initiated during the large amplitude seismic surface waves from this earthquake. Mainshock and Aftershocks: The largest inland earthquake in North America in almost 150 years struck Alaska on November 3, 2002. When the Denali
Fault earthquake struck a few days later, these stations helped to provide crucial
data. Additional instruments were deployed after the Denali Fault quake, and
as of December 2002, a total of 26 temporary seismic stations were gathering
data on the quake's aftershocks. Due to the shallow depth, it was felt at least as far away as Seattle and it generated seiches on bodies of water as far away as Texas and New Orleans, Louisiana. Concern over potential damage from aftershocks and future large earthquakes brought the community together as never before. Interior Alaskans were rudely awakened in the early morning of October 23, 2002 as everything shook vigourously. This 7.9 Mw earthquake was the largest recorded in the United States in 37 years (after the 1965 Rat Islands earthquake). Following the Denali
Fault earthquake, Lake Union in Seattle experienced an earthquake-induced seiche,
or water sloshing, which knocked many houseboats off their moorings and caused
minor damage. Called the Denali Fault earthquake,
this shock was the strongest ever recorded in the interior of Alaska. The 2002 M7.9 Denali fault earthquake resulted in 340 km of ruptures along three separate faults, causing widespread liquefaction in the fluvial deposits of the alpine valleys of the Alaska Range and eastern lowlands of the Tanana River. earthquake resulted in no loss of life and relatively minor damage to the built environment, about $90 million in direct economic losses to lifelines, and temporary economic disruptions of about $60 million. Many geologists
who study evidence of ancient earthquakes in deposits and landforms along the
southernmost San Andreas Fault, where the 1685 earthquake occurred, have concluded
that a major quake on this segment of the fault is likely to happen again in
the near future. ($60 million of oil was not deliv- ered to Valdez for the two days when the pipeline was shut down.) (moment magnitude) 7.9 Denali fault earthquake on 3 November 2002 was associated with 340 kilometers of surface rupture and was the largest strike-slip earthquake in … Minor damage was reported over a wide area but the only examples of severe damage were on highways that crossed the fault trace and areas that suffered liquefaction, e.g. [4] Due to the remote location, there were no fatalities and only a few injuries. On the morning of November 3, 2003 an earthquake of moment magnitude M 7.9 ruptured across three faults: the Susitna Glacier, Denali, and Totschunda. Like the Denali Fault quake, the Nenana Mountain shock caused only limited damage
because of its remote location. Fortunately, no one was seriously injured, due to the small population located within 30 miles either side of the fault. Shortly after midday on November 3, 2002, a magnitude 7.9 earthquake ruptured the Denali Fault in the rugged Alaska Range, about 90 miles south of Fairbanks. The shock was the strongest ever recorded in the interior of Alaska. Water waves produced by the 2002 Denali earthquake and the 1964 Alaska earthquake caused similar damage to houseboats on Lake Union. Yellowstone National Park
had the most energetic swarm of triggered earthquakes. On the basis of the relative freshness of fault features, it was determined that the eastern 220 mi. Because the
2002 Denali Fault earthquake occurred on a "strike-slip" fault,
like the San Andreas Fault, it offers a realistic example of effects likely
to accompany the next major earthquake in California. Areas affected by liquefaction are largely confined to Holocene alluvial deposits, man-made embankments, and backfills. The Mw7.9 Denali, Alaska earthquake of 3 November, [3] Sedimentary basins in the Puget Lowland are docu- 2002, caused minor damage to at least 20 houseboats in mented to affect the amplitude of seismic waves at long Seattle, Washington by initiating water waves in Lake periods [Frankel et al., 2001; Pratt et al., 2003]. 2 ), showing slightly oblique thrusting on a 48° north-dipping plane trending east-northeast (N82°E). The shaded-relief image above shows the location of the earthquake, which occurred on the Denali fault alongside the Alaska Range. Denali's Fault. Although such damage during teleseisms is ordinarily minor, the local amplification of long period waves could make urban areas As an example, in the magnitude 7.9 2002 Denali earthquake in Alaska, the epicenter was at the western end of the rupture, but the greatest damage was about 330 km (210 mi) away at the eastern end. It ruptured three different faults ending with a total rupture length of ~330 km. Because of its location close to the November 3 event and the fact that it preceded it by only 11 days, this earthquake is regarded as a foreshock that probably directly triggered the main shock. Compiled
By Gary S. Fuis and Lisa A. Wald, Edited
by James W. Hendley II and Peter H. Stauffer
Graphic design by Susan Mayfield, Sara Boore, Eleanor Omdahl, and J. Luke Blair; Web layout by Carolyn Donlin, COOPERATING
ORGANIZATIONS
Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys
Alaska Earthquake Information Center, Geophysical
Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Alaska Volcano Observatory
Alyeska Pipeline Service Company
California Institute of Technology
Central Washington University
Humboldt State University
University of California Berkeley
West Coast and Alaska Tsunami Warning Center, For more
information contact:
Earthquake Information Hotline (650) 329-4085
U.S. Geological Survey, Mail Stop 977
345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025
Visit the USGS Earthquake Hazards Program
website to learn more, PDF
version of this fact sheet (2.2 MB)
REDUCING
EARTHQUAKE LOSSES THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES, For questions about the
content of this report, contact Gary Fuis, Download the current version
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page: https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2003/fs014-03/
Maintained by: Michael Diggles
Created: February 5, 2003
Last modified: May 17, 2005 (mfd), the
pipeline did not break in the quake, the
2002 Denali Fault earthquake occurred on a "strike-slip" fault, Denali
Fault quake is similar to three earthquakes that ruptured the San Andreas Fault
in the past few centuries, USGS Earthquake Hazards Program
website. The Mw 7.9 Denali, Alaska earthquake of 3 November, 2002, caused minor damage to at least 20 houseboats in Seattle, Washington by initiating water waves in Lake Union. The November 3, 2002, magnitude 7.9 Denali, Alaska earthquake struck through rural Alaska. The M w 7.9 Denali Fault (DF) earthquake in 2002 was the largest continental strike-slip earthquake in North America since the 1857 Fort Tejon, California event and provides a new opportunity to study postseismic deformation using InSAR . earthquake induced water waves, possibly due to its phys-ical dimensions. runway, 2002 Denali Earthquake a An earthquake of magnitude greater than about 5 is generally considered large enough to cause structural damage, subject to the distance, site conditions, and type of construction. The 2002 Denali earthquake occurred at 22:12:41 UTC (1:12 PM Local Time) November 3 with an epicenter 66 km ESE of Denali National Park, Alaska, United States. The 2002 M w 7.9 Denali Fault earthquake, Alaska, provides an unparalleled opportunity to investigate in quantitative detail the regional hillslope mass-wasting response to strong seismic shaking in glacierized terrain. The 2002 M7.9 Denali fault earthquake resulted in 340 km of ruptures along three separate faults, causing widespread liquefaction in the fluvial deposits of the alpine valleys of the Alaska Range and eastern lowlands of the Tanana River. The M7.9 was the largest earthquake to occur in the interior of the state in recorded history. DENALI FAULT EARTHQUAKE . The Denali
Fault quake is similar to three earthquakes that ruptured the San Andreas Fault
in the past few centuries. On November 3, 2002, the Denali Fault ruptured over a distance of 336 km, producing the largest earthquake from a continental strike-slip fault in North America since the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. During the afternoon of November 3, 2002, the water in Seattle’s Lake Union suddenly began sloshing hard enough to knock houseboats off their moorings. Instrumental recordings
of ground motion near earthquakes like the Denali Fault quake are critical for
improving engineering design, but such quakes do not occur often. 2002 Magnitude: 7.9 The largest U.S. earthquake in nearly 50 years, there were only a few injuries caused by the Denali quake, which caused minor damage to the Trans-Alaska Pipeline. This was the first earthquake since 1964 after which damage investigation teams in Alaska were sent to survey damage and report their findings. In contrast, the 1994 Northridge, California,
earthquake, which had the same magnitude, caused 67 deaths and $40 billion in
damage when it struck the densely populated Los Angeles region. The Denali earthquake provides an opportunity to study how lifelines perform in an area immediately following the 2002 Denali fault earthquake. Focal depths of earthquakes occurring in continental crust mostly range from 2 … These effects were the result of a phenomenon called "liquefaction,"
in which strong, prolonged earthquake shaking transforms loose, water-saturated
sediments into a liquid slurry. Due to the general self-sufficiency of those living near the fault rupture, very few lifeline systems were compromised. On October 23, 2002, there was a magnitude 6.7 earthquake located on the Denali fault. [1] The Mw7.9 Denali, Alaska earthquake of 3 November, 2002, caused minor damage to at least 20 houseboats in Seattle, Washington by initiating water waves in Lake Union. Rupture initiated at 22:12:41.0 UTC on the Susitna Glacier thrust fault before subse-quently transferring onto the Denali fault. This 7.9 M w earthquake was the largest recorded in the United States in 37 years. During the 10 days following
the Denali Fault earthquake, geologists from the USGS and Alaska Division of
Geological and Geophysical Surveys, as well as several universities, mapped
and measured the earthquake rupture on the ground and using aircraft. None-theless, studies of this earthquake [7] The total surface rupture was ca. One facility that was badly damaged by the earthquake was the runway at Northway
Airport, 40 miles from the eastern part of the November 3, 2002, fault rupture. [9] Several bridges were damaged but none so severely that they were closed to traffic. On November 3, 2002, a Mw 7.9 earthquake shook central Alaska. [10] The pipeline was shut down for three days to allow for inspections but was then reopened. The 2002 Denali earthquake occurred at 22:12:41 UTC November 3 with an epicenter 66 km ESE of Denali National Park, Alaska, United States. There was no oil spillage, as the pipeline at that location was designed to move laterally along beams to withstand major movement on the Denali Fault. The rupture then jumped to the main Denali Fault strand propagating for a further 220 km (137 mi) before jumping again onto the Totschunda Fault and rupturing another 70 km (43 mi) of fault plane. 340 km (211 mi). The 434 mile slip-strike fault gave off a 7.9 magnitude earthquake. Northway Airport. 2002, a magnitude 7.9 earthquake ruptured the Denali Fault in the rugged Alaska Range, about 90 miles south of Fairbanks. During the 3 November 2002 Denali fault earthquake, surface rupture propagated through a small, old-growth forest in the Delta River valley and damaged many trees growing on the fault. These include the magnitude 7.8 San Francisco
earthquake in 1906, the magnitude 7.9 Fort Tejon earthquake in 1857 north of
Los Angeles, and a quake that struck east of what is now Los Angeles in about
1685. On 3 November, the 2002 M W 7.9 Denali fault earthquake nucleated ∼22 km east of the M W 6.7 foreshock . The majority of
landslides clustered in a narrow band extending about 8 to 12 miles on either
side of the rupture. The shock was the strongest ever recorded in the interior of Alaska. Like some other large earthquakes, the Denali Fault quake triggered small shocks
as far as 2,000 miles away, mainly in volcanic areas. The 1857 California and
2002 Alaska earthquakes struck far from major cities, causing little or no loss
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